In his personal prologue, John Sanford admits that he, as a mature scientist in the field of genetics, had accepted the story of human evolution without question until he determined that his own field showed the impossibility of that scenario. He collaborated to write this book because when he presents his case against evolution, as laid out in his book Genetic Entropy, people argue that he must be wrong because the fossils clearly show ape to human evolution. In tackling that topic, he answers the objection that neither he nor Christopher Rupe have PhDs in paleoanthropology by pointing out that paradigm-challenging ideas never come from within a field, where "group think" rules. The book systematically analyzes the data, picking up the thread begun in the 1992 book, Bones of Contention by Marvin Lubenow. Time has not helped the evolutionist cause. More specimens and better analytical techniques have solidified the case.